2007年10月15日星期一

PCLL的第七個星期之二:Civil Procedure Mid-term

考完返來了,都OK。一條題目,考Request for further and better particulars,其實個重點,除了是問那些(who, where, when, how之外),今次個題目話明個defendant對你的instruction係從來都沒有sign個contract, 佢懷疑是俾佢踢走的director sign的,所以在每一個paragraph,我都會問: State who on behalf of the Defendant signed the contract...
其實都唔係好明要用什麼wordings去問,copy了幾個precedent d wordings,去到都是變下佢..問來問去都是個agreement係唔係oral, in writing, by conduct...邊一個問,幾時問,什麼地方問...重點是material facts, not evidence...
當然還有format同back sheet, 不過tutor話in practice通常都是用letter.

HCA1356/2XXX
IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE
ACTION NO. OF 2XXX
Between
[ ] Plaintiff
and
[ ] Defendant
REQUEST FOR FURTHER AND BETTER PARTICULARS
OF THE STATEMENT OF CLAIM

I. Under paragraph 1
Of: “30th October 200X the Plaintiff and Defendant entered into an oral contract.”
1. (is it a oral or written c?)
a) (oral contract -> who may the oral contract, parties, when made it, where, in whose office? what are terms of oral c?)
b) (written contract -> likely u have the copy of the contract, and signature of the contract -> you have already who sign, terms etc)
2. (you client may not have one contract with the Plaintiff, so need to be specific. E.g. a supplier, series of transaction every day ->specifically what contract? what are goods? What are the products?
Request
(1) Give full particulars of the manner in which it is alleged that the Plaintiff and the Defendant entered into an oral agreement, giving full and proper particulars of the oral conversations alleged to constitute the contract.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the preceding request, in relation to each and every conversation that is alleged to have taken place state:
(i) who took part in those conversation;
(ii) what was said in those conversation.
a) when and where did the conversation take place;
b) who on behalf of the Defendant had the alleged conversation with the Plaintiff; and
c) who on behalf of the Plaintiff had the alleged conversation with the Defendant.

2007年10月13日星期六

PCLL的第七個星期之一

今個星期mid-term
星期一Civil Procedure考Further and Better Particulars兩個鐘
星期四Conveyancing考三個鐘應該有Sale and Purchase Agreement,要我地amend佢
星期六Legal Writing and Drafting考寫Letter of Advice同Defence and Counterclaim 

2007年10月10日星期三

PCLL的第六個星期之二

今日上了Advocacy,我做Defendant的Counsel,主要是oppose Plaintiff向Court apply一些specific order去看一些文件。其實今次唔係prepare左太多時間,因為要考mid-term。所以我都會在這裡長話短說。今次都學到很多野,要prepare個case前,要看看個Summon,係唔係draft得太wide。如果太wide,唔夠specific,看看個court可不可以amend.."I apologize to the bad wordings of the summon. Your Honour, what I specifically refer to in this matter is...”還有....

就是看看對方的Affirmation有沒有weakness point,係facts定係opinion,係唔係個witness親眼看到,hearsay?weight?
有時如果自己個point weak都要同意對方,但看看可不可以limit個scope,人地拿五年的medical report,你就argue三年就夠。
最後完的時候,可以甘講..”In the circumstance, the Defendant urged the Court to make an order in terms of the Summon set out at Hear Bundle page...."
今次,自己只是prepare了個skeleton,之後跟住來講,沒有script..看來好很多,自然得多,都答到個judge問的野。不過,就沒有script個flow甘好..
看來下一次要go deeper into the facts,多些analysis..go further and have a look..還有print個RHC Order出來..
PS:看到一篇報導關於Duty Lawyer的
裁判官﹕當值律師或未能詳研控罪 (明報) 10月 10日 星期三 05:10AM
【明報專訊】「禮頓」職員涉「製造民意」案,被告早前在當值律師協助下認罪後,自行委聘律師諮詢,昨日突然申請撤銷認罪答辯,改為不認罪。裁判官坦言可能是當值律師時間有限,未能詳細研究控罪。有法律界人士認為當值律師人手不足,當局又未能知人善任,即按律師經驗及能力安排人手;部分律師被「錯配」處理不熟悉案件,遂未有足夠時間及能力向需要協助的市民解釋案情。

有法律界人士指現時當值律師人手不足,惟大量市民使用服務令律師不勝負荷。另外,「錯配」案件情普遍,年資不足或不熟悉刑事法的律師,一旦遇上複雜或處理大量案件時,通常未能仔細處理。不過,仍有事務律師為了個人體驗而參加提供有關服務,並未了解事主所需及清楚解釋案情。

他又說,現時當值律師服務,大律師及律師均可自由參與,惟由於日薪不足6000元,酬勞不吸引,未能招攬資深律師參與。

他認為法庭應增加人手,盡量聘用經驗豐富的律師當值,因「新手」未必懂得與事主溝通,或快速地掌握案件要點後上庭。

2007年10月9日星期二

PCLL的第六個星期之一

星期五要做的tutorials包括Civil Procedure, Conveyancing同Commerical Law一早已經做完了。Civil Procedure要做的是draft一個personal injury case的Statement of Claim同Statement of Damages,都是一般的撞車case。不過,始終唔係甘清楚點樣assess PLSA同d multiper, loss of earning點樣計。之前去chamber做summer, barrister俾了兩個case我地看,Tsang Yuen Nam v Hung Yun Metalware Company Limited (HCPI No. 602 of 2001), Ruthanna Lau Sau Yee v Hong Kong Ballet Ltd & Urban Council(HCPI No. 772 of 1997) and Kamal Rana v Aoki Corp (HCPI No. 1404 of 2000),但都係唔係太清楚。

Conveyancing主要的功課是draft Property Schedule,是Sale and Purchase後面描述Property那段Schedule。
Commercial的功課就是關於Share Capital,allotment同reduction等...之前LLB都已經教過了。考完week 7的mid-term就要溫commercial,可能是將新的野modify落舊時的notes同case summary求。
Professional Conduct的功課都在星期日做完,今日就上tutorial,是關於promotion code同fees同一條past exam...原來d答案唔係甘straight fwd的,最記得是個case的client是partnership,所以joint retainer。但其中一個partner走來同你講想dissolve partnership同問一些你的advice,原來由那時候開始,因為conflict of interest,retainer已經terminate了。之後client唔俾$,就可以claim back個bill。還有就是要看看個scope of retainer同個fee是關於profit cost還是disbursement,有很大不同的。在professional guide真係要每一個字都要看清楚,每一個condition都要satisfy先可能breach。今天上堂,原來依然很多人唔知道Professional Guide同Bar Code在可以上網download看到的。
星期三要交Advocacy,是關於specify discovery under Order 24 r7(1),我做defendant要oppose plaintiff的一些要求去disclose一些文件,同時又要向plaintiff要求另外一些文件。要prepare一份skeleton argument,還有是要講什麼...唉,research了一些cases,都未開始點做.....
PS:找到一些好野關於PCLL的,看到很多老師呀! 舊年拍的,看到很多識的人!
http://www.youtube.com/v/siFfvKs12jc

2007年10月5日星期五

PCLL的第五個星期

轉眼就第五個星期,每逢星期四晚同星期五就特別辛苦,因為星期五有三個tutorials要上。我果group已經很好了,有個group今日要上四個tutorials!以前讀LLB都很少prepare tutorials的,多數是上完之後再revise。現在如果唔prepare,俾tutor罵都罵死...

下個星期的tutorials要早些prepare,因為第七個星期有三個mid-terms(civil procedure, conveyancing同legal drafting)。Commercial law同Professional Conduct都沒有好detail甘prepare,唯有留到考完mid-term先。
今日上conveyancing,要amend一些formal sale and purchase agreement的term。其實真的對現在的我們有一些難度。又不知什麼時候要根據law去amend..真的是要一個一個字去看的..還有要俾reasons去support...
Civil Procedure做了一些short questions,關於jointer of parties, third party notice等..prepare了,但原來完全錯哂...發覺真的要看white book先得了..原來很多野都是一知半解的..幸好west law有white book...不用留在圖書館看。今日個個已經mostly burnt out..civil procedure人人都有prepare, 但答案都是錯的..想答tutor的questions都唔好意思..
最後的commercial,我都是lunch break先prepare..都差唔多做哂,不過都只是找了section出來,問係上來先apply。不過都沒有點問我..其實很多同學仔都是抄答案的,因為真的要很花時間prepare,不過我依然希望try my best, to prepare by myself...今日都是講directors, directors' duties, breach of duties, ratification...lecturer親自教,佢都知道我只是rely on我以前LLB的野去答佢,未看佢的reading materials..過完mid-term會做好d...
下星期advocacy是關於discovery,份野很厚都唔知要看幾耐... 

2007年10月3日星期三

PCLL的第三,第四個星期

PCLL真的很辛苦,現在上到第四五個星期,最難忘同時最難過的要算是Advocacy。上堂不是難,難就難在上tutorial。第一個星期的tutorial是hea下hea下甘過,但之後就勁辛苦。上個星期的tutorial是要role-play做律師去法庭的三分鐘聆訊去submit一些application。開頭大家以為好像professional conduct hea下hea下,一路discuss一路上tutorial。但第一個group上完就知道大lemon!!要知自己真係好似上court甘用一些formal的language去submit。又要之前做很多research同preparation,一d都唔容易同很大壓力。第一個group就慘,佢地個tutor是以前的magistrate來的,大家都沒有prepare,俾人X都七彩...

同學仔話個官拍哂table罵人,你是apply什麼,什麼ground,是根據Rules of High Court的什麼Rule!之後第一group衰了,立即prepare,都不是太好。一來都唔知講什麼,點樣講。真的有少少企係度的感覺...
今個星期的tutorial是要做interlocutary application,我做plaintiff的counsel去反對defendant向court apply to set aside a default judgment。做Respondent都要講8 mins野,今次好了很多,不過都用了日幾去prepare,很花時間...
"May it please you Master, I appear on behalf of the Respondent in this matter...It if pleases you, Master, may I turn to the Affirmation of Susan Fung, which is on page 13 of the Bundle...Unless I can assist you Master any further, those are my submissions."做Respondent還要臨時加上Applicant's Submission的要點,加以rebut..
不過我覺得tutor唔太好,很多在submission用什麼字眼,點樣去加強語氣去persuade都沒有教到,遲些day-off都要看看人地court d律師點做先得..
十一月的assessment是去apply summary judgment..看來要同對家rehearal一下先得..今日同group的groupmate,有一個女同學很慘,未tutor一開始問了一些問題,之後唔知點continue返,企了係度...講唔出一隻字...
其他courses都很忙,conveyancing教DMC,mid-term就考點樣draft Sale and Purchase Agreement,d Clause如果slience on some points,有什麼是CPO個Schedule imply的.. 今個星期就教S13 CPO,之前summer去chamber做時都research了一個星期on this topic,但原來很多都是一知半解的..現在終於知道什麼是Deed Pol, Sub-DMC, First Assignment with Plan, Government Lease, Condition等等....
Civil Procedure就教Statement of Claim,draft了一份Statement of Claim, Defence & Counterclaim,很多legal letters (letter of advice, retainer letter),還有mid-term會考Further and Better Particulars...其實幸好LLB時sit-in了Civil Procedure,有了個底易明易了解很多...打算遲些print了個practice direction出來,返學校print可以雙面呢!
Legal Drafting都是同Civil Procedure大同少易..draft Statement of Claim同時主要是一些contract case,比較易..之前做chamber又draft過Statement of Claim,不過是personal injury case,不過真的係很好的experience,現在都知道很多了..material facts呀!下星期會draft affirmation/affadavit...不過讀Advocacy見過很多,都應該OK的...mid-term會考四個hrs...letter writing + Pleading....我估多數是Defence & Counterclaim...
Professional Conduct同Commercial Law都沒有prepare much...可能佢地不用mid-term,不過我都要prepare tutorial,而且都很多問題,如果沒有prepare就答唔到..Commercial教得很差,左fly右fly,skip來skip去...都是directors, private company, M&A同Articles of Association等..我想得要用LLB的Case summary remodify佢先可以讀得好...
所以讀LLB真的唔好馬虎,因為很多野如land law, company law都會再讀過..有些topic會overlap,有些就在LLB level 的基礎上教深些...
不過PCLL真的很辛苦,但同時依然很enjoy~~~emoticon...另外希望可以寫得多些關於PCLL的事,是很好的回憶來的
(PS:d groupmates很多勁人,有JD之後去Oxford讀Master,有係Cambridge來的,有教英文的,有鬼佬講國語好過我的...) 

2007年9月13日星期四

PCLL的第二個星期

今天day off,終於可以休息一下。PCLL的workload真的很辛苦,將從前要讀一年的野半年內就讀完了。Conveyancing教了新野了,就是學了臨時買賣合約同正式買賣合約裡面的terms。因為臨時買賣合約雖然是臨時,但係有legal effect,之後會bind買賣雙方的,所以如果正式買賣合約有什麼唔同,之後有什麼consequence等...

上Advocacy很好玩,role-play講了兩個鐘。個tutorial主要是扮演client, solicitor同barrister的角色,要看看點樣俾advice,點樣問問題。班上的groupmates大部份都是native English speakers,還有兩個外國人,真係可以有很多機會講好d英文。
下一個星期要交legal writing的第一份功課,係要寫一封letter of advice俾client關於一些contract的問題。
有時覺得上堂都很緊張,雖然我都很enjoy,有兩個lecturer的堂一定要prepare好先上堂,因為會上堂點名問的,答不到,沒有prepare會俾人罵的...emoticon